Varaha
वराह
vuh-RAA-huh
Tradition
Vaishnava
Vahana
None (Varaha himself strides through the cosmic ocean)
Weapons
Sudarshana Chakra, Shankha (Conch), Gada (Mace), Padma (Lotus)
Consort
Bhudevi (Earth Goddess)
Sacred Names
Iconography
Varaha is depicted in two principal iconographic forms: the purely zoomorphic boar and the more common anthropomorphic figure with a boar's head set upon a powerful human body. In the anthropomorphic form, Varaha stands majestically with a muscular, dark-blue or black-complexioned body, adorned with the standard Vaishnavite ornaments — the Kaustubha gem on his chest, Vanamala garland, golden armlets, and a tall kirita-mukuta crown placed between his upturned tusks. His four arms carry the Sudarshana Chakra, Shankha, Gada, and Padma, identifying him unmistakably as Vishnu. The most iconic element of Varaha imagery is the diminutive figure of Bhudevi, the Earth goddess, seated gracefully on his upraised left elbow or resting on the crook of his tusk. She often holds her palms together in anjali mudra, gazing adoringly at her rescuer. Varaha's right foot typically rests upon the coiled body of the serpent Shesha, and his left foot presses down upon the vanquished demon Hiranyaksha. The cosmic ocean swirls beneath him, rendered in stylized waves populated by nagas and aquatic creatures. In Pallava and Chalukyan sculptures, particularly the celebrated Udayagiri cave panel and the Mahabalipuram relief, Varaha is shown in a grand scale, rising from the waters with sages and celestials offering hymns from the heavens. His tusks gleam white against his dark form, symbolizing the sharp brilliance of Vedic knowledge piercing through ignorance and chaos.
Mythology
In the earliest ages of creation, when the cosmos was still young and the three worlds freshly established by Brahma, the balance of the universe was shattered by a catastrophic act of violence. The mighty Asura Hiranyaksha, twin brother of Hiranyakashipu and son of the sage Kashyapa and Diti, had obtained a fearsome boon from Brahma that made him nearly invincible. Drunk with power and swollen with arrogance, Hiranyaksha terrorized the Devas, conquered the celestial realms, and plundered the treasures of Varuna's oceanic kingdom. But his most audacious crime was yet to come: seizing Bhudevi, the Earth herself, Hiranyaksha dragged her down into the unfathomable depths of the Garbhodaka Ocean — the primeval waters at the base of the universe.
The cosmos plunged into chaos. Without Prithvi, creation itself began to dissolve. The Devas, led by Brahma, approached Lord Vishnu in desperate supplication. As they offered their prayers, a tiny boar — no larger than the tip of a thumb — emerged from Brahma's nostril. In the span of a single breath, this minuscule creature expanded to a size beyond comprehension, filling the sky with a body as vast as a mountain range, dark as a thundercloud, with eyes blazing like the sun and moon. His tusks gleamed like crescent moons fashioned from pure light. The Vedas themselves became his bristles; the sacrificial altar formed his snout. This was Varaha, Vishnu's mighty boar incarnation, and the very heavens shook with his thunderous roar.
Varaha plunged into the cosmic ocean, parting the waters with his immense body as sages and gods showered hymns from above. Deep beneath the waves, he found Hiranyaksha waiting, grinning with malice. A titanic battle ensued — a combat lasting one thousand celestial years by some accounts. Hiranyaksha wielded his mace and summoned illusions of darkness and storms, but Varaha met every blow with divine fury. The ocean churned and boiled around them. Finally, with a devastating strike of his mace and a thrust of his mighty tusks, Varaha slew the demon, ending his reign of terror.
Then, with infinite tenderness — a breathtaking contrast to the ferocity of battle — Varaha gently lifted Bhudevi upon his gleaming tusks and rose majestically from the waters. As he emerged, the gods rained flowers, the Gandharvas sang, and the Earth was lovingly restored to her rightful position in the cosmos. Bhudevi, overwhelmed with devotion, became Varaha's eternal consort. This act of divine rescue — the supreme protector descending into the abyss to retrieve what is lost — remains one of the most powerful and emotionally resonant narratives in all of Hindu mythology, symbolizing that no matter how far dharma sinks, the divine will always descend to restore it.
Significance
Varaha holds profound spiritual and cosmological significance in the Hindu tradition. As the third of Vishnu's Dashavatara, he represents the divine principle that the Supreme Being will descend into even the darkest, most inhospitable realms to rescue dharma and protect creation. The image of Varaha lifting the Earth from the cosmic abyss is a powerful metaphor for spiritual liberation — the soul (Bhudevi) mired in the ocean of samsara, rescued by divine grace (Varaha). In Shri Vaishnavism, the Varaha Charama Shloka is considered one of the most important theological verses, wherein Varaha promises Bhudevi that anyone who surrenders to him will be granted moksha — establishing the doctrine of prapatti (divine surrender). The boar form itself carries Vedic resonance; the Taittiriya Samhita and Shatapatha Brahmana mention a cosmic boar who raises the earth, connecting Varaha to the most ancient layers of Hindu cosmogony. Varaha also embodies the sanctity of yajña, as his very body is described as being composed of Vedic rituals and sacrificial implements. Culturally, Varaha worship flourished under the Gupta dynasty, whose royal emblem was the boar, and the magnificent Udayagiri cave relief from the 5th century CE remains among India's most celebrated sculptural achievements.
5 Sacred Temples
Sri Varahaswami Temple
Tirumala, Andhra Pradesh
Adi Varaha Perumal Temple
Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu
Varaha Temple (Khajuraho)
Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh
Sri Bhu Varaha Swamy Temple
Srimushnam, Tamil Nadu
Varaha Cave Temple
Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu
Primary Mantra
ॐ नमो भगवते वाराहरूपाय भूर्भुवस्सुवः पतये भूपतये श्री महावराहाय नमः
Oṁ Namo Bhagavate Vārāha-rūpāya Bhūr-bhuvas-suvaḥ Pataye Bhū-pataye Śrī Mahā-vārāhāya Namaḥ
Om, I bow to the Lord who assumed the form of the Great Boar, the master of all three worlds — earth, atmosphere, and heaven — the Lord of the Earth, salutations to the Great Varaha.
Associated Festivals
Varaha Jayanti
Varaha Dwadashi
Vaikuntha Ekadashi
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